Karama mai karama da aka saba ta canza yadda aikin masu ƙarfi suka samu kammala, kuma karama mai karama ta daga cikin wannan canzawa. Aikin kasuwa ta saba raw materials zuwa members da suka tsaya don zama daidai, da suka shiga site don aiki da kariya. Wannan yadda ta yi ya gudan yadda ayyukan tafarki suka ci gaba, ya sao kammala na karama, ya sao kammala na karama, kuma ya sao kammala na karama.
Rarraba Ayyukan BIM Da Koyaya
Bincike Na 3D
Kwamfata na kwayoyin gida mai zaman lafiya ya fara aiki da modelin digitali mai ƙarfin yadda ya zama ƙwayoyin 2D. Platformin BIM ta ba shi damar haɗawa na kwayoyin gida, kwayoyin ƙasa, kwayoyin kankara, da kwayoyin MEP a cikin wannan bayanin da ke taimaka wajen rarraba abubuwan da suka dace ba a cikin kwayoyin gida ba amma a cikin kwayoyin gida. Modelin da aka haɗa su ne ya taimaka wajen sanya abubuwan da suka dace, wanda ke taimaka wajen sauyin abubuwan da suka dace da kwayoyin gida. Ayyukan farko na modelin ya nuna abubuwan da suka dace a cikin kwayoyin gida, abubuwan da suka dace a cikin kwayoyin gida, da abubuwan da suka dace a cikin kwayoyin gida a baya da kwayoyin gida.
Modelin ba ta zama hanya na duniya ba. Abubuwan da suka dace, abubuwan da suka dace, da abubuwan da suka dace suna da abubuwan da suka dace, sannan suna da abubuwan da suka dace. Idan kwayoyin gida ta tsaya 30 metar ko karin, modelin ta nuna abubuwan da suka dace da abubuwan da suka dace da abubuwan da suka dace da abubuwan da suka dace. Abubuwan da suka dace suna da abubuwan da suka dace a cikin kwayoyin gida a baya da kwayoyin gida.
Daga Modelin zuwa Kwayoyin Gida
Kullum ƙaramin fasahar na karami mai yawa ya samu lamba mai gaba daya bayan ayyukan model ya kare, kuma wadannan lambobi suka tattara karamin a cikin cuttin, welding, da painting. Wannan fahimtar yadda karami ta zo ne wanda ke saita ayyukan design build: shirin da welder ya karanta yana dace da model da engineer ya kare. Kuma ayyukan detailing sun nuna lokacin da bolts suka yi, gusset plates, da stiffeners.
Yadda ake sanya wadannan bayanai daidai a kasuwanci yana kare rarrabuwar koyaushe a waje. Shirin da ake amfani da ita a kasuwanci ce wani wuri da ke tsaye ne tsakanin neman ayyukan design da baya da abin da ke zama. Shirin da ake amfani da ita a kasuwanci suka biya CNC machines direkta, don haka kuskuren da mutum ya yi a rubutu yana kara kusa kuma kuskuren da ake iya amfani da ita yana kara kusa a cikin duk production run.
Factory Fabrication da Quality Control
Karamin CNC Da Karamin Robotic Welding
Kwayar kayan aikin kuma gurbi na tsakiya su zama mafi kyau a cikin kwayar cut. Masheenai na CNC plasma da laser su dace da coordinates na model don cut plates da profiles da kwayar millimeter. Bayan haka, masheenai na welding su haɗa abubuwan da suka bukata da kwayar penetration wanda ya dace da kwayar spatter. A matsayin welding na tsohon mutane, al'ada na fabrik su dace da yadda suka yi da temperature, gas na shielding, da fit-up, wanda ke saita kwayar kyautar joint.
Kyauta ta tabbatarwa, ba ta gano ba. Kewayoyin dimensional, weld UT/MT, da shahadadi na kayan aiki su dace da al'ada na ISO 3834 na welding quality da standardi na EN 1090 na execution. Plates na Q355B da Q355D su zama suka zaune a cikin yadda suka yi da yield strength da low-temperature toughness, a matsayin yadda suka yi da climate wanda bina suke so su yi aiki. Wannan al'ada ne wanda ke fara bina na certified export package daga bina na tsoho.
Coating da Anti-Corrosion
Don ya sa karamin gurbi na steel wanda aka saba da shi a cikin yaki, salt, ko atmospheres na industry, yadda aka sauya kai tsaye da coating suna ƙarƙashin yadda za a iya amfani da shi. Hot-dip galvanizing ko glass flake coating suka kare gurbin daga corrosion. A cold storage da facilities wanda suka kawo food, system na coating an nuna shi don kare daga condensation da chemicals na cleaning. Kada kuma schedule na coating ya zama mafi kyau don kare yadda za a iya amfani da shi da kuma yadda za a rufe maintenance.
Coating an yi amfani da inspection don thickness da adhesion a baya da packing. Idan ana ba da paint a karamin gurbi wanda ba a gane ba, zai zama babban point na rust a shekara biyu da biyu, don haka factory QC ya rubuta kowane batch. Specifiers su tabbata da standard na coating da dry-film-thickness report lokacin da suke magana da offers, saboda report ya nuna idan protection ta nufin an ba shi a amfani da shi.
Delivery, Erection da Buyer Value
Packing da Logistics don Export
Wani project na design build da yana aiki da kyau yana bukata kuma kada shi ya gano abin da ke cikin container a lokacin da aka bayyana su. An kawo su, an saba su, kuma an kawo su don hanyar da su ke cikin site ya zama wanda ke cikin order na kada shi. Kada shi da kyau yana kara tsayi na crane kuma yana kare waɗannan abubuwan da ba su daga cikin steel frame. Alamar da suke muhimci kamar steel: CE marking, EN 1090 declaration, ISO 9001 system evidence, da mill certificates suna tafi cikin shipment.
Wadanda suka ci gaban da karamin import da yawa suna jin wannan alamar; amma idan ba su ne, wani bina da yawa zai tafi cikin port. Wadanda suka biya yana da maimakon kuwa alamar a lokacin da aka rubuta shirye-shirye, ba a lokacin da aka kawo su ba. Kada shi na farko na alamar kuma yana taimaka wadanda suka yi amfani da customs brokers don kara kada shi da cargo kuma yana kara lokacin da kada shi ya tafi cikin vessel zuwa site.
Bolt-Up da Acceptance a Site
Kamar yadda karamin shanu na gaba daya ya zo a matsayin da suka kashe da suka tsoho, sauransu suna yi amfani da tsari na karamin shanu ba tare da canji na gida. Masu aiki suna ci gaba na karamin shanu na farko, suna sanya su daidai, sannan suna kara ƙarfi na bultu na ƙarfi mai yawa ta 10.9S zuwa tsarin da aka bayani. Karamin shanu na biyu kamar purlins, girts, da bracing suna taka da natsara. Don haka, kuma an kashe shi don fuskantar, kuma an gane cikin lokaci kuma an gane wani abu da ba ake bukatar kara.
Ayyukan kammala na gaba daya suna duba cikin daidai, karkara na bultu, da halin kofin. Masu aiki na sarrafa suna ba da sabonin duba da alamar da aka gina. Wannan sabonin yana taimaka ga kammala na gaba daya, hausa da karamin shanu, da kuma karamin shanu na gaba daya, wanda ke ba da imani ga masu aiki cewa karamin shanu an gina ta hanyar da aka bayani da an duba ta hanyar da aka zuba.
Wani misali na ayyuka na yanzu
Misalin Al'adu na Karamin Shahu
Wani masu ƙarƙashin abinci a yankin kudu na China ta bukatar tsohon ƙarƙashin abinci da karami 12,000 ton a cikin lokaci mai ƙarfi. Alalubabu ya kashe wani batu: ku bude gida mai tsayi da karami (clear-span hall) wanda ya zama maimakon kuma yana daga cikin abinci, dust, da sauransu na fari, sannan ku shiga a cikin lokacin rabi.
An yi amfani da kayan koyaushe na steel (prefab structural steel package) wanda aka bayar da su, wanda aka gina shi a cikin portal frame da kayan Q355D da kuma hot-dip galvanized bracing. BIM coordination ya saba koyaushe na koyaushe da koyaushe na koyaushe ba tare iya kuskus koyaushe na koyaushe. Robotic welding da EN 1090 QC sun kawo kuskus na koyaushe a cikin koyaushe zuwa karami, kuma koyaushe na koyaushe sun kawo koyaushe a cikin wata suka fi koyaushe.
Alalubabu ya kashe wani batu. Tsoho ya samu lokacin rabi, koyaushe na abinci suna da koyaushe a cikin koyaushe, kuma koyaushe na galvanized ya kawo koyaushe na koyaushe ba tare kuskus. Masu amfani suna da koyaushe na koyaushe, wanda ya kawo koyaushe na koyaushe da koyaushe na koyaushe da koyaushe na koyaushe.
Bayan fikir
Kullum kuma aikin gurara na steel mai ƙarfi ya zama ƙoƙarin da ke da tsari da yawa, wanda ya ƙare da tsari. Daga BIM coordination har zuwa CNC cutting, robotic welding, coating, da bolt-up, kowane yadda ta daga waɗannan yadduna ana amfani da shi don tabbatar da cewa yana da alaƙa da standadun duniya. Masu amfani da abubuwan da suka ƙare da alaƙa da standadun, suka buƙata records na inspection, da suka rarraba logistics a farko suna samun delivery mai yawa da gurara wanda ya zama mai tsari.
Masu Sabon Gaskiya
Suyayi
Abubuwan da suka amfani da gurara na steel mai ƙarfi su ne?
Amsa: Gurara na steel mai ƙarfi ana amfani da su a warehouses, factories, logistics centers, cold storage, da grain facilities. Abubuwan da suka yi a shop suna zo gaba daya don bolt, wanda ya sao ƙoƙarin da yawa da ya sao accuracy. Sistam ya dace da long-span halls da gurara suka buƙata future expansion. Zabi ya dace da load, climate, da coating requirement. EN 1090 da ISO 3834 compliance yana nuna cewa package ya dace da European execution da welding-quality expectations don export projects.
Suyayi
Yaya gurara na steel mai ƙarfi ana modelinta a baya da fabrication?
Amsa: Tsarin ya daga BIM ya kashe kuma a cikin shi na gaba da kuma kayan aiki suna da amfanin wani fayil. A cikin fayil na digital, an tsoho abubuwan da suka hadu (clashes), kuma kowane ƙaramin yana da lamba ta hanyar da suka hadu da kuma tsawon su. A cikin fayil na da izini, an samu CNC files da shop drawings, don haka mai yanka yana karanta abin da inggiliya ya izini. Wannan raba-raba na design da build yana kara kula da procurement, fabrication, da erection su dace, kuma yana bawa kariya ga karya da karya a cikin waje ne da abubuwan da ba su dace ba.
Suyayi
Wane karamin karama suka yi amfani da karamin karama na karamin karama?
Amsa: Export packages suna da kafin EN 1090 don amfani, ISO 3834 don kara kyau na yanka, ISO 9001 don sistema na amfani, kuma suna da CE marking. AISC ko MBMA zasu iya amfani ga project na North America. Abin da ya sauya yana bukata declaration of performance da mill certificates. Wadannan dokumanai suna nuna cewa tsarin sika, yankin karama, da coating sun dace da ala'adun da kuma kariya na kariya na wajen da suka fiye a cikin waje ne.
Suyayi
Yaya yanzu factory QC yake fi kyau da field welding?
Amsa: QC na gida ta tsara yadda zai iya tsayar da harshe, yadda zai iya tashin kayan aikin, gas na kariya, da bayanin aikin a wani baya mai dadi, wanda ya sa karamin yadda zai iya tashin kayan aikin ya ci gaba. Aikin koyon kayan aikin da robot da bayanan UT/MT suna gina amfani da ISO 3834 da EN 1090 wanda ba za a iya gina amfani da su a wani baya mai dadi ba. Kuskuren suna gina gano kafin karamin kayan aikin suka ci gaba, ba kafin suka ci gaba ba. Wannan yana nufin karamin aikin da suka ci gaba, karamin yadda zai iya tashin kayan aikin da suka ci gaba, da karamin bayanin da suka ci gaba wanda ya taimaka wajen gina amfani da su, gina amfani da su wajen kudin kasa, da karamin aikin da suka ci gaba wajen karamin yadda zai iya tashin kayan aikin da suka ci gaba.
Suyayi
Yaya za a shigar da karamin yadda zai iya tashin kayan aikin wajen wani baya mai dadi?
Amsa: Alamarai da kudin da suka daga wani yanki mai ƙarfi ko wani yanki na kusurta suna bukata system na coating wanda ya fito da atmospher, kamar hot-dip galvanizing ko glass flake coating. Mai amfani ya sanya dry-film thickness kuma ya zauna abin da aka bayani a cikin report na inspection. Alamarai na sayurin abinci da alamarai na koyon abinci suna bukata coatings wanda suka tsaya da condensation da cleaning agents. Ku duba thickness da adhesion a factory, saboda paint mai ƙarfi a wani tafkin da ba a ga shi zai zama wani point na rust wanda zai rarraba lifetime na steel frame.
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