Kafa na kafa ta zama mafi kyau ko ta gaskiya a wuri, ba tare da shirin design ba. Kafa mai bayani ba za a iya samun kafa mai aminti da kafa mai tsoro ba kafin a yi kafa a wuri ba. Duk wasu hanyoyin fuskantarwa da kafa na kafa suna daga kura na kafa a wuri ba tare da rukuni na kafa ba. Masu yin kafa da suka fahimci hanyar kafa a wuri zasu iya tambaya masa kuma zasu iya gudan kafa masu kura a wuri.
Wane ne kafa na wuri ke bukatar kafa
Duk wani masu amfani ya kamata ya sanya kafa na kafa a matsayin kafa mai aminti ba tare da kafa na yaki ba. Shirin kafa, kafa na crane da kafa na wuri ya kamata a sanya kafin kafa a yi.
Kafa na Hanyar Kafa Kafin Kafa Ya Zo
Koƙari na kwayoyin shanu ya faru a wata uku na yanzu da farko na kofa ta daga cikin kofa ta farko ta ƙare. Alamar kofa ta yiwu a hada da alamar kofa na kwayoyin shanu, kudin kofa na kofa a wajen, da rabin kofa na kofa na kofa ta bayani da inginiya. Idan wadannan alamar kofa ba su dace ba, masu kofa suna tafi kofa da kwayoyin shanu wanda suka cika kofa, ko kofa da kofa wanda ba ta gane kofa ba, kuma kofa ta gane kofa da kofa ta gane kofa. Kofa mai yawa ta kofa wanda ta nuna kofa, kudin kofa da kofa ta kofa, kuma kofa ta kofa ta kofa ta kofa ta kofa ta kofa.
Kofa mai kyau na kofa ta zama kofa ta kofa
Tsarin kantin daidai ya sauri yadda gida ta yi amfani da shi daga yadda ake sanya jirgin kore, kuma ya ci gaba da kayan da aka sanya su a kan hanyar so. Aikin tattaunawa na gishiri na kantin daidai ya kare kore da kusurta a cikin kantin daidai, kuma yadda ake sanya kayan da aka bayyana su ya kare kadan na kayan da aka sanya su daga kusurta. Amfani da kyakkyawan yadda ake sanya jirgin kore na kantin daidai ya kara yadda ake sanya kantin daidai a matsayin wani yanki da ke karewa, ba tare da yankin da ke zama mafi kyawu. Kudin yankin da ke karewa da kantin daidai da kantin daidai ya zama mafi ƙarami kafin a samu kusurta da kayan da aka sanya su da ke karewa wanda ya kare kanta daya daga kanta dukan su. Wannan karewa na farko shine babban abu na kantin daidai wanda ke iya tsohuwa kafin ajiya kanta.
Matsayin Muhimmancin Kantin Da'adai
A cikin kantin daidai, kantin daidai ta fahimtar kamar yadda ake sanya kayan da aka sanya su daga kantar da kantar, kuma ta sanya su a matsayin wani kantar da ke tsakanin kantar. Kullum kantar ya dace da kantar na baya, don haka kusurta a sanya kayan da aka sanya su ta kare kanta a sanya kayan da aka sanya su da kusurta.
Sanya Kayan Da Aka Sanya Su Da Kanta Na Kanta
Koƙa yana faruwa da bayani na amfani da kure, ƙwayoyin koƙa da mutum na nuna alama don hukumacin kowane koƙa. Rafters na gaba mai yawa suna bukatar alamarin koƙa da kadan kuma a wasu lokaci kadan na spreader beam don hana rafter ya ƙare a sama. Koyaushe na site ta zama ƙaranci idan kowane truck ta kawo a wani tsari na koyaushe, don haka abin da ke baya ya kashe a cikin koyaushe. Ku kuskus da kantin na koyaushe a cikin alamarin kowane abu don hana kure ta daina a matsayin da ba za a jiya a cikin koyaushe don gano wani column.
Koƙa da fasitirin na yawa
Aiki na koyaushe ya ke taka shi ne a cikin fasitirin na yawa 10.9S da kowane fasiti ta koyaushe a cikin tsarin koyaushe. Ya zama mafi kyau ba ya zama wani fasiti na yawa, don haka torque ko tension control suka zama mafi kyau a cikin misali da suka rubuta. Idan fasiti ya ƙare ko ya ƙare a wani koyaushe na moment, yana canza tsarin yadda load ya zo, kuma zai iya haɗa da koyaushe na yawa. Koyaushe na koyaushe ta zama mafi kyau idan kowane koyaushe ta zama mafi kyau da kowane nut ta zama mafi kyau da kowane washer ta zama mafi kyau.
Koyaushe na Tolerances a cikin Load
Tolerances suka fahimta idan envelope da crane rails zasu dace ko bai dace ba. Plumb na farko bay yana kawo a total station, sannan frame yana kawo a square kafin roof system ya ci gaba. Kullum kamar yadda yake a base na column zasu dace a eaves, don haka correction na farko yana ƙarfi da cutting na field. Pre-engineered building systems suna tashi a tight mill tolerances, kuma site yana bukatar in samu su ko panels baza su dace ba.
Standard na safe da suka hada ake amfani da su
Construction na steel structure a cikin EN 1090 da OSHA ba ta fi haɗa ake amfani da paperwork ba. Standard suna baiwa buyer a matsayin da za a iya duba cewa building ya shiga da ya tafi a known control level.
OSHA da EN 1090 a erection site
A cikin Jamhuriyar Amurka, OSHA ta saba kafin yin aiki da zanen gaskiya kuma sararin kofin tsohon kafin yin aiki da zanen gaskiya suka nuna wani kafin yin aiki da zanen gaskiya, amma EN 1090 ta bayyana tsarin yin aiki kuma tsarin kontroli da aka rubuta domin hanyar CE a Yurup. Wani mai ba da abu da ke aiki ne a ISO 3834 don yin zanen gaskiya kuma ISO 9001 don tsarin kudin kudin ya ba mai sauya bayani da za a iya gano waɗannan abubuwa ce suka yi da zanen gaskiya kuma suka yi a matsayin da aka bayyana. Wadannan bayanai suka canza kalmomin da suka fiye da 'yana daidai' zuwa kalmomin da za a iya duba su.
Yin zanen gaskiya, Kushe da Kafa
Zanen gaskiya a waje ya bukata kushe daga zaman lafiya kuma tsarin da aka gano, saboda zanen gaskiya da yawa ko da yawa ya zama mafi kyau. Kushe na zanen gaskiya a kofin da aka cut kuma kofin da aka shiga na bolt ya kara kushe na kushe da yawa bayan galvanization ko da glass flake. A lokacin kafa, bayanin AISC da ASTM, bayanin bolt kuma mapun zanen gaskiya suka zo da gida. NFPA kuma IBC suka haɗa da sararin kushe da yawa da sararin kushe da yawa na waje, don haka tsarin gaskiya ya kamata ya haɗa da tsarin da aka ba izini.
Bayanin da aka samu daga Shenyang Logistics Center
Daga Kasa na Furo da Gaba ga Ajiye
Wani masu amfani na logistiks a Shenyang ya kawo wani tsaki mai yawa na lokacin gaba da gaba, wanda ke cikin hallin da ke da 24-meter clear-span na distribution. Alƙalami na farko shine kasa na steel da kasa na foundation mai rufe, wanda ya sao wani tushen da uku ukwu. Masu amfani sun rubuta mabudin na fabrication, sun sanya wani abu mai yawa (columns) a farko, kuma sun yi amfani da portal frames da ke da 60-meter-clear-span don kare wani abu na field joints. Wani abu na Q355B da ke da hot-dip galvanizing ya kare wani abu na coastal humidity. Wani abu na center ya fara a lokacin da aka shiga, ya kare wani abu na handling time per pallet, kuma wani masu amfani ya bayyana cewa temperature na gida ta zama daga farko na winter.
Bayan fikir
Aiki na steel structure construction shine wani abu na field discipline kamar wani abu na design exercise. Wani abu na planned sequence, wanda ya kawo wani abu na verified bolt-up, ya kare wani abu na tolerances da wani abu na standards-based safety don kare wani abu na raw members da su zama wani abu na building wanda ya iya aiki. Wani masu amfani wanda su chekci certs, sequence da site control sun kare wani abu na risk kuma sun kare wani abu na schedule. Wani abu na early questions a baya da steel ya zo sun kare wani abu na costly fixes wanda suka ba da wani abu na weak start.
Masu Sabon Gaskiya
Suyayi
Wani kuma yadda ake amfani da alama na safe bayan sa’o’i na steel?
Amsa: Kula da kishin gaba, kishin kasa da kishin kanku na rigging suna zama wani abu mai mahimmanci don safe bayan sa’o’i na steel. OSHA yana bukatar kishin gaba ko kishin kasa a cikin ƙwayoyin da suka daga cikin sarrafa, kuma crane yana bukatar yin aiki a cikin ƙwayar da ke cikin kishin kasa. Tsarin rarraba na slings, shackles da boom a kowane rana yana kare waɗannan abubuwa su ka gudan. Mutum mai ilmi na signa yana kara kowane load, kuma ayyukan yana kare ayyukan a lokacin da ke cikin gafara. Wadannan hanyoyi suna kare mutane daga kuzo na members da suka gudan kuma su kare jadalar da ke cikin kuzo.
Suyayi
Yadda ake fahimta cewa torque na bolt tana da mahimmanci don kare kariya?
Amsa: Tension na boltin da ke da tsanani ya zama babbarin yadda ake kira gaba daya, don haka kura ta wata rukuni ko kura ta yin torque ba sufi ba ta shirya gaba daya kuma ta sanya gaba daya a cikin frame. 'Snug-tight' shine kura ta fit-up kuma ba ta gaba daya na amfani. Torque da aka bayyana ko kura ta tension-control, da aka tashi da ajiye a wajen, suka nuna cewa alamar da aka rubuta aka samu. Kura ta baya a wani lokaci na gaba daya zai iya neman kankara na bayi da aka yi. Tension mai kyau ta kula da gaba daya ta dace da saurin gaba daya da crane a cikin manyan lokaci.
Suyayi
Yaya ake plana yin kura ga manyan columns?
Amsa: Bayani na yadda ake yin kura ta nuna crane, rigging, da mahaillan da ke da ijaza domin yin sign a kowane lokaci kafin steel ya fice daga yard. Manyan abubuwa suke amfani da lift points da suka noma kuma kadara ake amfani da spreader beam don gane cewa ba za su kura a sama ba. Ake duba cewa gishiri na gida a cikin mats ta dace don gane cewa crane ba za ta kura a cikin fill ba. Yinka a cikin sau na gaba daya ta kula da cewa abu na gaba daya ya kashe da kuma sau na gaba daya ta dace. Koyon da shop a cikin mark na abubuwa ta kula da cewa crane ba za ta kura a lokacin da ba a yi abu ba.
Suyayi
Yaya ajiye kuma sait akwai kafin kwalla ta daga cikin gurbi?
Amsa: Ajiye kuma sait akwai kafin kwalla ya faru kamar yadda inginiya ya bayyana cewa konkreti ya samu tsayin da aka shigar da shi, wanda ke kamar 28 rana ko kuma yanzu da aka ba da izini. Yaya ajiye kuma sait akwai kafin kwalla ta daga cikin gurbi zai iya haifar da canzawa na kolum na kwalla da kishin da suka kara kafin kwalla da za a iya tabbatar da su bayan. A musta kuma tattaunawa na asali na anchor bolt da kishin da su ya kara kafin kwalla ta daga cikin gurbi ya faru kamar yadda ake so. Kuma kuma kwalla ta daga cikin gurbi da kuma kwalla ta daga cikin gurbi ta hanyar kwalla ta daga cikin gurbi zai iya tabbatar da cewa masu ajiye suna aiki daidai kuma zai iya tabbatar da cewa ba za a iya ajiye kuma sait akwai kafin kwalla ta daga cikin gurbi ba.
Suyayi
Wane kertifikat suka nuna cewa kwalla ta daga cikin gurbi ta dace?
Amsa: Tsarin karama na gurbi na hanyar EN 1090 don gurbin da ke da alama CE, ISO 3834 don karama na kara-kara, kuma ISO 9001 don tsarin amfani. ASTM da AISC suna taimaka a yankin Amurka ta Arewa, yayin da IBC da NFPA suna kawo bayanin kashe da karama na gurbi a cikin yankin. Masu sauya su naje mafita na gurbi, bayanin kara-kara, da bayanin karama a lokacin da su kawo gurbin. Wadannan bayani suya bayanin da suka zama tushen da aka saba da karama na gurbin.
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