Idan kadan ya buƙaci ƙaramin gaba da za a iya amfani da shi wajen yin ƙaramin gaba, wanda ya kamata a sanya shi cikin ƙaramin gaba na Yurup, kalmar "gida na satali da aka tattauna" ya nufi karin abu ne daga cikin gida mai tsarin da aka tattauna. Ya nufi gida da aka tattauna, da aka yi shi, da aka rubuta shi cikin ƙaramin gaba na Yurup wanda suka hada da kari, don haka CE mark zai iya amfani da shi da ala'adu. Ga mafitan da ke samun gida a EU, fahimtar yadda EN 1090 da CE marking suna aiki yana saita gida da ala'adu daga gida da yana kuma aminci na kantin.
Abin da CE Marking ya buƙaci ga gida na satali da aka tattauna
Ala'adun da ke baya da CE Mark
Kuɗin ƙarfi na satali da aka gudan cikin yankin Uropu zai bukata CE marka idan ya kasance a cikin karamin harmonised standard. EN 1090-1 shine wannan karamin harmonised don kusurin metal na tsari da kusurin da suka daga kitabu. Wannan marka ba shi kuma karamin bayani na sarrafa ta hanyar sarrafan wajibi; amma shi ne bayani na masu sarki wa ce abin da aka sarka ya fito cikin alama na bayani na karamin. A cikin wannan bayani yana da taliya: shahadatun na abu, kayan da aka taka, da kuma bayanin Factory Production Control. A kamar yadda yake ayyukan, akwai body na ma'arufa wanda ke nuna sistem na fabrik da aka yi bayani a baya da CE marka zai iya amfani da shi. Idan an fuskanta wannan taliya, CE marka zai biyu mai ma'ana kuma tsarin zai iya kuzo a kofin. Masu sarrafan yankin da suka daga jihar da suka daga jihar zai iya yin amfani da bayanin teknikal a kowace lokaci, don haka bayanan zai iya ci gaba daya da tsarin da aka yi. Wanda ya yi amfani da marka ne kamar yadda ya daga kwanaki daya kuma ba kamar sistem na yanzu, yana haifar da kuzari na gaba daya ga masu sarki.
Factory Production Control a amfanin
Don ya kafa gida na sittali, tsarin taimakawa na faburka, wanda a yadda yake da aka shirya su ta FPC, shine tsarin mai bayani wanda ke hana maimakon kowane kishin da aka kawo ko kishin da aka cut. A cikin EN 1090, mutum ne da ke soke kuma ya kamata iya amfani da tsarin FPC mai bayani wanda ya kammala abubuwan da suka zama kamar Q355B, kuma ya kammala kuma tsarin samun abubuwa da aka cut, kuma kuma abubuwan da suka yi amfani da alamar da aka calibrate. CNC cutting da robotic welding suna taimaka a wannan yanayi saboda abubuwan da suka yi amfani da su suna daga cikin tsarin da aka yi amfani da su. Auditors suna samun bayanai da suka yi amfani da su kuma suna ganin kishin. Idan FPC ya kara, kowa kishin da ba da kyau zai iya gudanen kowa kishin da aka shiga, don haka bayanan da suka yi amfani da su suna da mahimmanci sosai da sertifikat da aka jiya a kwalla.
A cikin tsarin EN 1090
Kulawa na Execution da abubuwan da suka fahimci
EN 1090 ya sa aikin kuma ya sanya su a cikin Class na Aiki (Execution Classes) EXC1 donEXC4 ta hanyar yadda zai iya samun damar fuskanci kuma yadda ake amfani da su. Misali na EXC1 shi ne gida mai tsoro wanda ba za a yi amfani da shi ba, amma gida mai amfani da jama'a wanda ke da yawa na matakan aikin yana a cikin EXC3 ko EXC4. Class ya kare yadda za a yi amfani da welding, inspection, da documentation. Yadda a za a zauna class mafi kyau a farko don aikin gida na steel yana kare yadda za a yi amfani da abubuwa masu damar fuskanci wanda zai iya tsumtsumi kudin da kuma yadda za a yi amfani da abubuwa masu damar fuskanci wanda zai iya kare lafiya. Clear-span frames don logistics centers suna bukatar class mafi yawa don aikin gida na steel don amincewa ga gida mai tsoro.
Kowace kuma CE-marked yana tafiya da Declaration of Performance, ko DoP, wanda ya bayyana wasu dukkanin alama na muhimmi: kariya na gafara, aiki na gafara, da kariya na kawo abu. DoP ya hada da test reports da FPC audit. Abokan so na steel buildings na iya inganta su zama su karanta DoP kafin su bayar, ba kafin su samu abun da aka bayar ba. Idan DoP ba su kare ko su faru da karami, wani alama ce waɗannan abubuwan da suka hada da fabrication chain ba su kare da kariya. Masu kyau suna ba da DoP, welding maps, da material mill certificates a matsayin kaya daya.
Me ya sa ISO 3834 ya tsaya da EN 1090
Welding Procedure Qualification
ISO 3834 ya ba shawara na kwalitas don fusyon welding na materials na metallic. Idan EN 1090 shine standard na marking, yana nuna zuwa ISO 3834 don welding competence wanda ke taimaka a cikin frame mai kyau. WPS (qualified welding procedure specification) ta bayyana heat input, filler metal, da preheat don haka weld ya samu toughness da aka so. Welders su ya kasance qualified don procedure. Yanci wannan matsala yana zama cause na lamellar tearing a plates mai tsawo da kuskuren da suka dace a gaba daya kuma suka bayyana idan suka dace a load. Requalification na lokaci ta hana procedure ya zama valid idan consumables ko steel grades suka canza, da records daga kowanne shift suna sanya a traceability file wanda auditors suka yi review. Wannan discipline shine wanda ke farko a cikin frame da aka binu don paper promise da ke farko a cikin frame da aka binu don measured result.
Yaya Robotic Welding ta taimaka a cikin consistency
Gwamnatin gida na satali da inganci sun samu karamin tsayi daga kayan aikin roboti wanda suka yi amfani da kwayoyin tashin kuma yadda suka ci gaba da kowane bim, wanda ya cire farko na fuskantar da inganci wanda aka samu daga aikin manta. Don ayyukan da suka fi kamar ƙarfi na portal frames kuma trusses, wannan karamin tsayi ne wanda ke sauyin karamin aiki da inganci. Amma roboti suna bukatar shirin da suka bayyana kuma bayyanin da suka ci gaba; aikin da suka bayyana ba zai iya canza aikin da aka bayyana ba. Ta hanyar da hot-dip galvanizing don kula da inganci, neman ne ne wanda aka bayyana da karamin aiki ba tare da karamin aikin da suka bayyana ba.
Yi amfani da inganci a cikin aikin da ke dacewa
Matsalatin da suka bayyana a cikin yankin Arewa Aduwa na China
Mai amfani na gida ta kura da abinci a Najeriyar Kudu na China ya bukata gida mai tsakiya ta 60 mita don kare abinci daga hankali da yadda kuma kafin yadda. Mai amfani ya zauna gida mai tsakiya ta fasaha da shakka, da plates na Q355B-Z35 don kariya ta fuskanci, da bolts na 10.9S mai karfi don kariya ta bolts, da kuma kofin da ke cikin PIR ta 150 mm. Framing na EN 1090 EXC2 da welding na ISO 3834 sun taimaka gida. Gida ta kammala amfani na inspection a farko da kuma ta yi amfani na yadda na musamman ba tana neman wani call na maintenance, wanda ya nuna yadda standards sun iya zama mafi kyau a rukuni.
Karin amfani na yadda a baya da sign-off
A cikin wani project ya koma, procurement yana bukata ku saba 4 abu: shahada na EN 1090 ta da kwanaki na amfani, ISO 3834 ta da kwanaki na amfani, DoP ta da kwanaki na order, da kuma tushen bayanin kayan aiki. Ku ji suna na notified body da kwanaki na audit. Ku duba wasu kayan aiki na kuma koyi gurba na coating bayan hot-dip galvanizing. Wadannan duba suke dauka wani rana amma suke kare ayyukan sauran shekara. Ku yi amfani da certification don nuna alama ba don dokuman.
Gidan fayilin kwayoyin kwayo suka samu sunansa domin suka yi amfani da design, welding, da kuma documentation da suka dace da standard na musamman kamar EN 1090 ta hanyar ISO 3834. CE marking shine alama na muhimman, amma alama na muhimman shine factory production control ta da kuzari. Ku rubuta kwanaki na amfani da kuma ku duba shahada bayan shipment don gudun kwayon kwayo ya zama asset da aka rubuta da kwanaki da aka duba da kwanaki na amfani don duk market.
Masu Sabon Gaskiya
Suyayi
EN 1090 certification yana kawo wane abu?
Amsa: EN 1090-1 yana kawo tashin kuma aikin bayani na kayan aiki na shiyan kuɗi da aluminium wanda aka sanya su a cikin sararin Yurupu. Ya bayyana yadda mai tsayarwa zai iya kiyaye aikin kwalla, kayan aiki, da ayyukan kasuwanci na kasuwanci, sannan ya bayyana yadda za a bayyana aikin su ta hanyar CE mark. Alamar yana amfani da kayan aiki wanda suka dace da koyaushe kamar frames, trusses, da kayan aiki wanda aka fofa su a gari. Ba ta kuma amfani da baya na gida ta hanyar tashin aikin aiki a wajen; amma ta kiyaye yadda kowane kayan aiki ana tsayarwa su da kuma bayyana su a baya na kuma aikin aiki.
Suyayi
Yadda ISO 3834 an nuna su a matsayin kuma da EN 1090?
Amsa: ISO 3834 yana kawo ayyukan kwalla wanda EN 1090 ya faru da su a matsayin wanda mai tsayarwa yana da su. Kayan aiki na shiyan kuɗi zai dace da kwalla mafi kyau, don haka alamar yana nuna ISO 3834 don kiyaye aikin kwalla, kiyaye mai kwalla, da kuma yadda za a tashi kwalla. Kuma idan wani kasuwanci ya da waɗannan alamar biyu, yana nuna cewa kasuwanci yana kiyaye aikin kwalla daga farko zuwa karni. Masu sauya suna samun amfani cewa kwalla zai yi aikin su a lokacin da suke kama, lokacin da suke yara, da lokacin da suke kama da kama ba su zai kawo kwalla ba.
Suyayi
Yaya an zaɓi Class na amfani don ƙaramin abu?
Amsa: Class na amfani ya tsara kalmomin EN 1090 ta hanyar yadda ake taka kari, nau'in gida, da shawara na amfani kamar yadda ake taka kari ko yadda ake buƙatar kari. Karamin abu mai yawa ta yanki zai iya ƙara EXC1, amma karamin abu mai yawa ta gida mai yawa zai iya ƙara EXC3. Class ya saba kuma yana nuna yadda ake buƙatar amfani, yadda ake gano abubuwa, da amfani na weld testing. Ya sa kuma yadda ake zaɓi akwai wani alaƙa da yadda ake buƙatar kari da yadda ake buƙatar karamin abu kuma ya sa kuma yadda ake buƙatar karamin abu da yadda ake buƙatar karamin abu.
Suyayi
Wane dokuman suka haɗa da steel CE-marked?
Amsa: Shigar da karamin samunin ya kasance da Bayanin Karami, sertifikat na EN 1090 na karamin faburka, bayanan usulai na karamin kwayoyi da karamin kwayoyi, da sertifikat na mill na matakai don hakan karamin shakara. Bayanin Karami yana nuna jihadi na karamin da karamin ayyukan. Wadannan sertifikat suka dace da karamin da aka bukata a cikin sistema mai amfani. Yadda ake so wadannan sertifikat duk suka biyu kafin karamin ya taka a cikin karamin yana kula da mutum mai sauya daga karamin da aka rufe da karamin da ba su gane karamin a wajen karamin.
Suyayi
Shin karamin da ba ta zuwa E.U. zai iya baiwa karamin kwayoyi na karamin CE?
Amsa: Ee. Karamin CE yana dace da karamin EN 1090, ba ta dace da wajen karamin. Karamin da ba ta zuwa E.U. zai iya baiwa karamin CE bayan karamin jihadi na karamin ya kara karamin karamin. Karamin Asia suka da sertifikat na EN 1090 da ISO 3834. Mutum mai sauya yana bukatar kara karamin lamba na sertifikat, karamin da karamin, da karamin karamin karamin ba ta kara karamin da wajen. Karamin da karamin yana kula da karamin da aka baiwa karamin karamin da karamin da aka bayyana.
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