Za a iya amfani da wani masu bincike na ƙarfi na sittali don ayyukan da ke cikin ƙarfi ba ta hanyar yin amfani da ƙananan bayani ba. Wani masu bincike na ƙarfi mai kyau yana zama babban mutum don gudun yadda ya zama a matsayin bayani na ingilishi, kuma yana ci gaba daya da ayyukan da ke cikin kasuwa, kuma yana ci gaba daya da ayyukan da ke cikin waje don yin shi da kariya da kariya. Idan a yi amfani da wani masu bincike mai yawa, zai iya haifar da karamin kudi, karamin kariya, da kuma karamin fahimtar hukunci. Wani masu bincike mai yawa kuma zai iya haifar da karamin kariya ga masu amfani da OSHA da kuma karamin kariya ga masu amfani da waje don yin karamin kudi. Wannan shirin ya bayyana yadda masu amfani da kudi suna iya duba karamin kudi, sertipikat, da kuma tarihin ayyukan da suka dace sosai kafin a rubuta shirin.
Wani masu bincike na sittali yana ba da wane abu
Fasahar Karamin Ayyukan
Bakinnin abin da masu bincike na sittali suka bukata mazaici na karama ya zama wajib a bayyana yadda za a yi amfani da abin da ke cikin kantain. Kudin ya kasance daga tsarin tattara, rukunin gida, samun abubuwa, CNC cutting, welding, protective coating, transport da field bolt-up. Idan mutum ya sake so da abin da ke cikin kantain ya yi amfani da anchor bolts amma alamar da ke cikin kantain ba suka saba da su, kuma mutane na foundation suna jira kuma kudin da ke cikin kantain ya ƙare. Alamar da ke cikin kantain suna tabbatawa wannan kudin. Bayani mai kyau na abubuwan da za a bayar da su yana nuna mutum ya sake so waɗanda abubuwan da ke cikin kantain suna cikin kudin da ke cikin kantain — concrete, cladding da MEP — suna cikin kudin da ke cikin kantain. Alamar da ke cikin kantain ta da kyau yana nuna waɗanda mutane suka saba da cranes, waɗanda mutane suka saba da anchor bolt positions, da waɗanda mutane suka saba da cladding interface, saboda wannan kudin ya zama wajib a saba da shi kuma kudin da ke cikin kantain ya ƙare. Za a saita mutumin da ke cikin kantain na steel da iya amfani da reference na project a cikin hanyar da ke cikin kantain na gida, kuma yana nufin kudin da ke cikin kantain ya ƙare, saboda kudin da ke cikin kantain ya ƙare daga job zuwa job.
Tattara, Fabrication da Erection Handoff
Wani project mai kyau yana da shi kuma daga cikin yadda aikin design ya taimaka wajen production. A lokacin yanzu, masu amfani na gida suka bayyana modelin Tekla ko BIM wanda suka taimaka CNC machines ta hanyar direkta, don haka yadda kada dimenshin ya canza kuma ya taimaka a dukkan cikin lokaci. Masu amfani na gida suka nuna maza'abinsu ta hanyar order in ƙara, suka nuna kowane piece da suka raba ta hanyar bay. A wajen gida, masu ƙara suna nuna kadanin lifting, kadanin crane da kadanin bolt torquing ta hanyar method statement wanda aka approve. Wannan kadanin da ke taimaka yana taimakawa wajen kara multi-bay frame ta hanyar millimetre tolerances. A follow AISC da MBMA guidance don wani building type wanda ke cikin, yana taimakawa wajen kara size na members da connection details ta hanyar yadda frame zai yi load, wanda ke taimakawa wajen kara field surprises. An EN 1090 contractor ya taimaka wajen factory production control wanda ke taimaka wannan kadanin, amma wani structural builder da yawa amincewa a wani frame type zai iya nuna fabrication da erection ba tare da rework ba.
Certifications Wanda suka fara professionals daga pretenders
Yadda EN 1090 da CE Compliance suka fara
Don ƙarshen da suka cire Eropu, EN 1090 shine standard na amfani wanda ya zama shirin CE don mutum mai yin gurbi na satali. Yana kawo tushen weld, daga kwayoyin kofa da kuma kudin tsarin fabrik. Babu wani mai ba da abu da yawa wanda ba da shahada na EN 1090 ba, zai iya bayyana cewa ya dace da CE, kuma wannan farko zai zama alaƙa ga mai sauya a kantin da kuma a jihun da ke cikin waje. Duba lamba na shahada da kuma darajar amfani, watau yana dauke da 5 miniti kuma yana cire masu hankali daga lista. Mahaullin da suka duba kuma cewa kamar yadda fabrik yana aiki da kudin tsarin fabrik, saboda wannan kudi ne wadanda suka duba a lokacin duba cewa abu ya dace.
Kwalitas na Welding a Tare da ISO 3834 da ISO 9001
Welds suna da karamin fuskanci na kuskuren da za su faru, don haka karamin tattaunawa na welding yana da mahimmanci. ISO 3834 ya saba shawara na kwalitas don fusion welding na materials na metallic, wanda ya kawo karamin tattaunawa, karamin izinin welder da materials na welding da za a gano daga wannan karama zuwa wadansu. Idan aka tsaya ta hanyar ISO 9001 na amfani da factory, zai nuna cewa al’ummar ma’aikata suna tsaya a cikin karamin bayanai ba a yi amfani da karamin mutu ba. Wani masu aiki na steel structure wanda ya dace yana rubutu karamin kowane weld da yana kira reports na radiographic ko ultrasonic domin audit a kowane lokaci. Karamin tattaunawa na welding yana bukatar rubutu farko na batch na material na welding da karamin preheat, saboda farko kadan zai canza properties na fusion zone sosai da ke cikin fahimtar masu amfani.
Kurkureta Tarihi Na Project A Daga Cikin Kafin Raba
Matsaloli Na Project Wanda Su Nuna Mahimmancin Al’ummar
Sertifikat suna nuna mahimmanci; matsaloli suna nuna cewa an bayar su a wakati. Za a bukata uku wadanda suka dace reference na project da tonnage, span da lamba na abokan al’ummar idan yake maki. A mutumin da ke cikin kantain na steel wanda suka bude gida na logistics da yawa ta 60 m kuma yana da amfani da safe game da wani abu wanda ya sa a cikin bayani na musamman kamar yadda ya kashe canopies kusa da yawa. Yadda a tashi wani site na gaske, ko kamar yadda a yi amfani da taswirin da aka saba, zai nuna mazaici na karama yana tsara bayanin fasahar, coating da tolerances a yadda aka bayyana su ba tare da kuskuren.
Kusurin Da Ba Abokan Al'ada Ba Zua Ba
Wani irin alama suka fito a farko. Bayanin da ba za a iya fahimta su a yadda ake amfani da abubuwan da suka dace, kari da bayanin mill test ko kudi da yake da kowane abu da ba a bayyana shi da listin abubuwan da ke cikin shi zai iya haifar da kuskure. Wani alama na kuskure shine structural builder kara ayyin fabrication zuwa wani shop mai baki ba a bayyana shi. mazaici na karama ba zai iya bayyana standardin welding ko system na coating, kuskure zai ci gaba da mutumin da ke amfani da shi. Koma daga nan kafin kudi da yake da amfani da shi ya tashi daga account. Yanayin da ke yin bayani da kuskure ko da ke karya a cikin tambaya na teknikal zai iya nuna yadda zai iya karya a lokacin da yake da kuskure a site. Wani EN 1090 contractor ya kamata ya bayyana yadda ake amfani da shi ba tare da kuskure, kuma wani mutumin da ke cikin kantain na steel zai iya ba reference na project listin abubuwan da ke cikin shi kafin a tambaya shi biyu.
Misal na Ajiye Zaki da Bayanin Tashin Alamaru
Tashin Alamaru — Gidan Ajiye Zaki da 12,000 m²
Wani masu ajiye zaki na yankin ya buƙata gidan ajiye zaki da 12,000 m² a cikin kwanaki kusa na rabi. Masu ajiye na gurin shtaili suka ba da dukkan alamarun tashin, gurin da aka gudanar da su a cikin hot-dip galvanized kuma ƙwallon PIR da 150 mm daga wani ƙwallon 12,000 m². Alamarun ta hanyar fuskantar ya kashe zaki ajiye. Alamarun da aka amfani da su shi ne: C&Z purlins da aka gudanar da su a cikin hot-dip galvanized, tsarin kwallon da aka kawo da sauri, da tsarin fuskantar na ridge da aka kawo da alamarun NFPA na ajiye zaki. Neman: gidan ajiye zaki an gudanar da shi a cikin wani rabi, ya zama mai kai tsuru a cikin rabi mai ruwa kuma masu ajiye zaki ya iya kare ajiye zaki na biyu. Masu ajiye zaki sun bayyana da karamin kusurar zaki da tsinkin kai tsuru na jihar, wanda ya kare zaki da karamin kusurar da karamin kayan ajiye a cikin rabi.
Bayanan Inspeksiyon da Tsarin Karya Bayan An Ba Da Shidda
Bayan da aikin gudun, yadda aka sanya abu na kariya ya kashe. Kuji tsawo na bolt a cikin crane-runway da kuma frames na kariya ta hanyar ƙarami na biyu da shida (12) mizani, kuma kuji sauran da suka yi amfani da torque. Kuji coating a kusurin cut edges da kuma heads na bolt inda galvanizing ya zama mai yawa, kuma kuji su da zinc paint da aka ba su izini. Kuji drainage don haka wata ba za a iya kaiwa a cikin envelope. Mazaici na steel structure ya kamata ya ba model na as-built da kuma coating schedule don haka mutane na owner su iya planing na maintenance ba tare da yin reaction to rust.
A matsayin summa, za a yi amfani da mazaici na steel structure ne kamar yadda aka nuna abu, ba kamar yadda aka ci gaba da harga. Nuna written scope, za a ji EN 1090 da ISO 3834 evidence, ku karanta real references kuma ku rage answers da suka dace ba. Mazaici da kyau ya kara abu na complex frame don ya zama abu da kariya, safe da durable.
Masu Sabon Gaskiya
Suyayi
Wane certification suka nema mazaici din da suka yi export projects?
Amsa: Don kuma manyan market na Europe da kuma wani abu ne a cikin market na export, maki na steel structure ya kamata yace EN 1090 execution-class certification don CE mark zai iya ayyana da shari’a, ta hanyar ISO 3834 welding quality da ISO 9001 management. Mill test certificates na Q355B ko Q420B steel su nuna grade. Abokan so su zaɓa certificate numbers da execution classes, sannan su duba su da issuing body kafin release na advance payment don gano problems na customs da liability.
Suyayi
Yaya ne track record na contractor ya zama mai mahimmanci kamar yadda low quote?
Amsa: Kudi mai ƙarami ya zuba ƙarfi da kuskuren da ke cikin wani abu da ba shi da dalilin da a saba. Tarihin ya nuna cewa masu amfani sun gudan kuma sauyin kuma kuskuren da suka bayyana su, ba tare da kudi na rukuni ba. Nemo uku na muhimmanci da suka yi kuma kudi na toni da kudi na tsaki, kuma kara duba taswirin da aka gudan. Wani hallin da aka gudan a baya yana aiki da kuma yana dacewa; wani abu da ba a gudan ba yana haɗa da kuskuren. Dalilin da aka duba yana kara karfi ga kuskuren da kuma yana kara karfi ga jadalar da ake gudan da kuskuren da ba a gudan ba.
Suyayi
Yaya a duba kwalitasin welding a baya da kuma fasalin ya zo a waje?
Amsa: An gudanen suka amfani da ISO 3834 don sanin kuma an yi amfani da test don sanin masu yanka. An kira abubuwan da suka shiga a cikin karamin, shafin bayanin yanki, kuma bayanan tattaunawa suna tace a cikin karamin. An yi test na karamin ko radiographic ko ultrasonic don sanin yankin da ke ciki, kuma an yi tattaunawa na dimenshoni don sanin fit-up. Shafin yanki da aka rubuta ya sa mai amfani ya iya tattauna wani hanyar da ke ciki. An yi mabudin na coating thickness a cikin EN 1090 limits a baya da karamin, don haka an gane abubuwan da ba su dace a faburikci ba ta hanyar da ake gane a lokacin da aka ci gaba da karamin da ke ciki a lokacin da ake biyan karamin da ke ciki.
Suyayi
Wane abubuwa da suka daga cikin red flags suka nuna cewa masu amfani zasu iya faruwa da scope a matsayin safe?
Amsa: Ku ci gaskiya: ku ji kuma ku duba ayyukan da suka fuskanta, wanda ba su da shahadatun na amfani na karama ko bayanin abubuwan da suka saba. Kuma yana nufin cewa ya zama babban alama idan mutum ya sa ayyukan da suka saba ga mutum mai sauƙi ba ta hanyar bayani. Idan mutum ba ya iya bayani game da standa na wasa, system na kofin ko daraja na bolt, to, ba a sanni kamar yadda ya kamata. Idan ya kara kai tsaye ko bayani game da mutane da suka amfani da shi, to, yana nufin cewa ba shi da kammalawa. Ku raba wannan bayani a lokacin da aka saba kuma ku kara kai tsaye don kare mutum mai sauƙi daga kusurin da za su zama mafi kyawawan.
Suyayi
Yaya lokacin da za a yi amfani na inspeksiyon bayan kari?
Amsa: Yi inspeksiyon kafin 12 watan, tattauna ayyukan da suka saba a kofin na crane da kofin da suka saba, kuma kofin da suka saba a kofin da suka saba da kofin da suka saba. Ku kara kofin da suka saba a lokacin da suka saba don kare ruwa a kofin da suka saba. Ku kara kofin da suka saba a kofin da suka saba a lokacin da suka saba don kare kofin da suka saba. Ku kara kofin da suka saba a kofin da suka saba don kare kofin da suka saba.
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