Tsarurfi na kasa mai tsauri suna canza gaba daya na kasa mai tsauri zuwa gaba mai fahimtar da ba ajiye shi da wani abu a cikin kasa. Don gida na kasa, gida na masu amfani da alama, da gida na kasa na dawa, wadannan gaba mai fahimtar suka zama mafi mahimmanci don yadda kasa, alama, da rukuni suka yi a cikin kasa. Tsarurfi mai fahimtar kuma yana nuna cewa kasa ta zama mai tsauri, don haka kudin kasa ta zama mai fahimtar kuma ta zama mafi yawa a cikin kasa mai tsauri. Wannan tsari ya bayyana yadda tsarurfi na kasa mai tsauri ana amfani da su, yadda abubuwan da suka zama mafi mahimmanci, da yadda amfani da su a cikin kasa.
Yadda Tsarurfi na Kasa Mai Tsauri Suna Yi Amfani da Gaba Mai Tsauri
Abin da Tsarurfi na Kasa Mai Tsauri Ta Yi
Tus rufi na sika shi ne kuma tsakiya ta hanyar tashin: wani tsakiya mai ƙarfi da wani gaba mai ƙarfi suna daga cikin wani tsakiya ta hanyar tashin, wanda ke nuna cewa alama suka fiye daga cikin tsakiya zuwa cikin wani tsakiya. Don haka, tsakiya ta hanyar tashin ba za a iya canza shi ba tare canzawa tsakiya na yadda ya kashe, amma tsakiya ta hanyar tashin ta kashe alama da yawa kamar tsakiya mai ƙarfi ta hanyar tashin da yawa. Tsakiya na sika ta hanyar tashin ta amfani da wannan tsakiya don kari 20 zuwa 60 mita na tsakiya ta hanyar tashin kuma ta hana tsakiya ta hanyar tashin da yawa. Alama na tsakiya suka fiye daga cikin tsakiya da kuma daga cikin tsakiya na gaba, wanda ke nuna cewa wadannan tsakiya suka fiye daga cikin tsakiya na yawa kuma suka fiye daga cikin tsakiya na yawa.
Tsakiya na Gaba, Tsakiya na Kasa da Alama na Kashe
Kafa kafin ƙaramin gaba yayi karamin yankin bayani na karamin gaba da karamin gaba, kuma yana ƙarƙashin karamin gaba, don haka karamin gaba da karamin gaba sun ƙara karamin gaba, kuma sika ta zama ƙaramin gaba. Amma karamin gaba mai ƙaramin gaba ya sa karamin gaba ta fuskanci da karamin gaba ta daga karamin gaba, don haka karamin gaba ta zama karamin gaba na karamin gaba da karamin gaba. Don karamin gaba mai ƙaramin gaba, karamin gaba na sika ta kara karamin gaba daga karamin gaba, don haka karamin gaba ta zama ƙaramin gaba. Karamin gaba na karamin gaba da karamin gaba, kuma karamin gaba na karamin gaba ko karamin gaba na karamin gaba, sun tace karamin gaba daga karamin gaba zuwa karamin gaba, sannan zuwa karamin gaba da karamin gaba. Koyin karamin gaba a wakati manta shine wanda ke haɗawa karamin gaba ta zama ƙaramin gaba a lokacin karamin gaba, kuma karamin gaba ta zama ƙaramin gaba a cikin FEA a baya karamin gaba ta zama ƙaramin gaba.
Karamin gaba, karamin gaba da karamin gaba
Kwayar da yawa yana nufin kwayar da ƙarfi da kuma ƙwayar da yawa a cikin jiki, wanda ke saita kwayar da yawa. Bay grid — wani farko ne a tsakanin trusses — ya saita hanyar da suka yi maimakon kwayar da yawa da kuma hanyar da suka yi maimakon purlins. Purlins suna kuma a matsayin abubuwan da suka daga baya wanda suka ci gaba da sheeting a tsakanin trusses; kuma koyaushe suka yi maimakon su na yanzu yana kare cladding daga yanci ko kuma daga yanci a lokacin yanki. Don 30 metre clear span, 7.5 metre bay da C ko Z purlins suna amfani da yawa. Koyaushe suka shiga steel roof trusses na farko yana neman mai tsara suka shiga bay size don samun standard purlin lengths da kuma kare cut offcut waste.
Steel Grade da Anti-Corrosion Coating
Kamarun kamaru amsa suka yi amfani da Q355B ko Q355D na kayan aiki; Q355D ya jin tsayi a yawan gaba daya, wanda ke taimaka ga kamarun da suka daga yankin da aka saba. A cikin wani lokaci da yawa ta zama mafi kyawun kamaru a wani baya, Q355B-Z35 da za a iya shiga a cikin kamaru ne mafi kyawun tallafin. Bayan kuma kamaru ya kare da CNC ko ya kare da roboti a cikin ISO 9001, kamaru ya kare da galvanizing ko ya kare da glass flake coating don hana kamaru a cikin yawan shekara ta hanyar ruwa ko ruwan salti. Tallafta ta zama a cikin yankin da aka saba, ba a cikin katalogi, kuma kamarun kamaru ya kare da CE marking a cikin EN 1090.
Kama da Kamarun na Kayan Aiki a Wani Hanyar Da Ya Zama Mafi Kyawun
Kama, Kamarun da Za A Yi Amfani Da Shugaban Ko Kamarun da Za A Yi Amfani Da Bolts
Kullum taraši ya ƙarƙashin faburka ta hanyar yin kuma a ƙayyade lokaci na yin shi, don haka ala'adu su sa a wani kaya. A yanzu purlins da diagonal bracing su ƙare gaba daya na frames, kuma taraši mai tsoro ba za a iya yin amfani da shi ba saboda yana iya canza, don haka temporary bracing an sa a baya kuma crane ya fara cire. Kullum joints su amfani da 10.9S high-strength bolts da suka yi amfani da torque ga yadda aka bayani, kuma field welding an rufe ta yawa saboda shop welding a cikin EN 1090 da ISO 3834 ta zama mafi kyakkyawa. Yadda a sa steel roof trusses a cikin suna da ilimi — ba za a sa ba da kadan kamar bayan bracing — ya kare frame daga racking, kuma OSHA rules su kare ala'adu a lokacin lift.
Purlins, Sheeting da Drainage Detailing
Kamar yanzu da bayi ta kawo, purlins su daina, sashe na gida da cladding. Kamar yanzu da panel ta kawo, kamar yanzu da purlin ta kawo, kamar yanzu da screws ta kawo a cikin steel, ba a cikin hawa mai tsoro ba. Drainage ya fara a cikin slope: 1:20 fall ya kawo rain zuwa gurter, kuma eaves detail ya tsara hawa da za ta tashi a cikin gida. Inda insulation ta bukata, 150 mm PIR sandwich panel ta kawo interior mai tsoro da energy bill mai tsoro. Good detailing a wannan yanayi ya tsara leaks wanda su ruwa a cikin grain da a cikin machinery, kuma ya kawo steel structure a cikin full service life.
Lessons Daga Grain Storage Project
Site Problem da Truss Solution
A cikin kantin mai tsari na Liaoning, malamin ya bukata 45 mita ta hanyar fuskantar don shigar da karama masu baya a cikin gida na kasa kuma kama yadda ake sanya hausa. Kamar yadda ake amfani da ‘portal frame’ zai taimaka wani koluma a cikin hanyar rarraba, saboda haka inginiya ya sao maitakar da karama na tsakiya a 8 mita bayi kuma cikin karama na galvanized C purlins. Karama suka kashe a cikin kantin, suka samu CE marking don EN 1090, kuma suka shiga a cikin kantin da karama. Don haka karama ta hanyar fuskantar ta dacewa, karama ta hanyar fuskantar ta dacewa kuma karama ta hanyar fuskantar ta dacewa.
Kammalawa da Imalun Tattauna
Akwai biyu shekara da kuma, gida ta daga cikin tsakiya ta zama mai yawa kuma tsohon karama na steel ta daga cikin tsakiya ba ta nuna karama a wani hanyar da ke cikin tsakiya. Muhallimin ya duba tsarin karama na bolt kuma tsarin karama na purlin kowane shekara kafin karama, kuma ya wash coating a wani hanyar da ke cikin tsakiya. Don abokan karama, bayani na karama shine sannan: define real load case kuma span a baya, zaune demand for mill cert kuma EN 1090 paperwork, kuma kiyaye simple annual inspection don haka gida ta samu karama na karama. Wani mutum da aka amfani da shi ya turn checklist na karama a cikin wani abu da ke cikin tsakiya, ba a cikin tsakiya.
Steel roof trusses suna zama wani abu da ke cikin tsakiya don karama 20 zuwa 60 metres da wani frame mai yawa kuma mai fahimtar. Samu load path, grade kuma coating daidai, follow disciplined bolt-up sequence, kuma gida ta yi karama a cikin warehouse, plant ko store a cikin shekaru da yawa. Specifying early, asking for certification, kuma planning basic yearly check ya turn good design a cikin wani abu da ke cikin tsakiya da ke cikin tsakiya.
Masu Sabon Gaskiya
Suyayi
Wane ne tsari na karama na roof truss?
Amsa: Tsawon kofin gida yana da tsawo ne mai zuwa daga ƙara uku da ashirin kuma daga ƙara hudu da ashirin. Kofin gida ta 30 mita yana da tsawo ne mai zuwa daga 2 zuwa 3 mita a cikin kofin. Tsawo mai zafi yana kare wajen shafin kofin amma yana bukatar kofin da yawa; tsawo mai yawa yana kare tashar kofin kuma yana sa kofin ya dace. Masanin yana sanya tsawon kofin daga bayanin koyaushe, kofin da yawa kuma karamin kofin, ba daga nisba ta tsaki ba. Tsawo mai dace kuma yana bari maimakon kofin da kuma abubuwan da suka fiye da kofin ba su rufe kofin.
Suyayi
Me ya sa kofin da yawa a lokacin kofin da yawa ya dace?
Amsa: Kofin da yawa shine kofin mai zuwa da karami da kofin da yawa wanda ya kuzo lokacin da kofin da yawa ya faru. Kofin da yawa ya kuzo kofin da yawa domin kofin da yawa ya dace kafin kofin da yawa da kofin da yawa suka faru. Ba su kofin da yawa, yanzu da kofin da yawa ko kofin da yawa ya kuzo kofin da yawa kuma ya kuzo kofin da yawa wanda za su kuzo kofin da yawa. Masu kofin da yawa su kuzo kofin da yawa, sannan su kuzo, ba su kuzo kofin da yawa a lokacin da suka faru. Wannan kofin da yawa ne wanda ke kare kofin da yawa da kofin da yawa suka faru.
Suyayi
Me ya sa kofin da yawa ya kuzo kofin da yawa a lokacin da suka faru?
Amsa: Zan kuma gaba daya na tsakiya ta hanyar tsofaffi da zan kuma gaba daya, kuma zan kuma gaba daya a cikin bayan da kuma yanzu a cikin karama ta hanyar 10.9S high-strength bolts a cikin eaves da apex. Bolts suka yi amfani da torque don samun design tension kuma suna amfani da crew don sanin. Field welding yana da karama mai yawa saboda shop welding a cikin EN 1090 da ISO 3834 ya ba mu result mai kyau. Idan bayan ya kuma gaba daya da braced, purlins da sheeting suka zo. A clean bolt-up sequence ne wanda ke sauyin long span don zama mai kyau a cikin snow da wind.
Suyayi
Yaya zan iya amfani da Z35 steel grade?
Amsa: Z35 properties suka kare mu daga lamellar tearing idan thick plates suka yi welding a cikin thickness su, kamar yanzu a cikin heavy apex joint. Ya zama mahimmanci in specify Q355B-Z35 idan truss ya kuma big support reactions kuma detail ya kuma several plates. Cold regions da cyclic loads suka nuna cewa ya zama mahimmanci in amfani da tougher grade. Mill cert ya zama shi ne wanda ke nuna Z-direction reduction of area. Ina amfani da grade daga joint, ba a cikin habit, don gudanin karama da karama failure a cikin roof's most stressed point.
Suyayi
Wani coating ya fito ga lokaci na kudin kasa ko lokacin yaki?
Amsa: Hot-dip galvanizing ta fito ga dukkanin kudin kasa kuma ta ba maimakon zaman lafiya da karamin gudunmawa. Don salt spray ko hanyoyin kimiyar hawayi, glass flake coating da aka saba shi a kan zinc ya zama mai ƙarfi kafin zamantakewa. Zazzagun yana taka wajen alamun kudin kasa kuma tsarin gudunmawa, ba tare da fihirin fayilin asali. Kudin kasa da sarrafa baki suna bukata wani sabon kudin kasa wanda ya fito ga kudin kasa mai zuwa. Wani kudin kasa mai kyau, wanda aka duba a cikin kasuwa, ne wanda ke sa akwai kudin kasa mai zuwa don zaman lafiya ta kudin kasa.
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