Aika gida na amfani shine ba tare da karama ko kuma a cikin karama, amma a cikin sauyin fahimtar muhimmanci. Gida na karama zai dace ne idan malamin ya sanya 4 yadda: koyon wajen, rarraba, karama, da karama ta yanki. Idan aka tsofowa ko kuma aka gudanawa a cikin yadda na farko, zai iya haifar da kuskure, kara aiki, ko kudin da ke cikin waje idan karama ta yanki ta dace, don haka koyon wajen, rarraba, karama, da karama ta yanki suna kula da kusurin kowane yadda. A cikin karama ta yanki, ba a cikin karama ta yanki kuma, amma a cikin sauyin fahimtar muhimmanci, wanda ke kula da kudin da ke cikin waje.
Yadda na farko: Koyon wajen da koyon karama
Fahimtar karama na gida
Ginin sito na ƙarfe yana farawa da rubutaccen bayani: ƙimar aiki, nau'in racking, faɗin hanyar, da faɗaɗa nan gaba. Wadannan zaɓuɓɓuka gyara span, eave tsawo, da kuma shafi grid kafin wani zane fara. Tsarin kwance-kwance yana buƙatar geometry daban-daban fiye da ajiyar kayan aiki, kuma tsare-tsaren mezzanine suna ƙara nauyin rayuwa a sama da farantin. Kama wannan da wuri yana hana sauyawa mai tsada na widening bays bayan an fara masana'antu. A daidai brief kuma damar da maroki quote a kan wannan zaton kamar yadda injiniya, don haka karfe sito gini farashin zo m maimakon padded da allowances for unspecified ikon yinsa.
Binciken Geotechnical da kuma Dokokin Dokoki
Raportin geotechnical yana bayyana koyaushe na tsohon da kuma kariya, wanda ke zama sabonin tsarin koyaushe da tsarin slab. EN 1997 ya ba alama ga ayyin koyaushe a Europe, amma alamar hali suka yi amfani a wasu duniya. Zoning, hanyar gudunmawa, da kuma hanyar cire suna bukatar amfani kafin rukunin tsarin ya kare, saboda NFPA 13 sprinkler da OSHA cire suna canza tsarin. Kammala waɗannan halayen kafin kare ya sa idan ya zama mafi kyau don samun izini da kuma ya sa shugaban da aka yi amfani da koyaushe ne a matsayin abin da ya zama bukatar rukuni a wakati ta hagu, inda tsoho ya zama babu koyaushe don samun grid din da ya dace a waraqi amma ba a jiya ba.
Tsakar 2: Tsarin, Ingilishin da Izini
Koyaushe na Tsarin da Koyaushe na Gaba
Masuwa su yin amfani da Q355B ko Q420B don ƙaddamarwa ga tushen gurasa, gurasa na hannu, da kuma gurasa na zazzau ta hanyar amfani da AISC 360. Gida na bayi mai tsayi wajen kishin ya cire masu kishin a wajen kishin domin racking ya zo daga kishin zuwa kishin kuma forklifts su iya tsofawa a matsayin fadada. FEA ya nuna cewa deflection ya kashe kuma a cikin shari'a, kuma BIM ya saba abubuwan da suka hada da kishin, services, da kuma envelope. Bay grid ya dace a cikin karamin kayan aiki, ya dace karamin steel da karamin fadada da aka bukatar su a wajen kishin. Don wajen da suka fiye da karamin kishin, bayi na 60 m da aka bukatar su a cikin Q355B-Z35 plate ta saba racking mai karami da karamin kishin da suka fiye da karamin kishin, wanda shine saboda ya sa gida na steel ta samu karamin kishin a wajen da suka fiye da karamin kishin da suka fiye da karamin kishin.
Shari'ansu da Ijazas
Kudin kafin ƙara ayyukan da suka dace, kudin yadda ake sanya kuma kudin yadda ake gudunmawa. Bayanin EN 1090 na amfani da kudin yadda ake gudunmawa kuma bayanin ISO 9001 na kudin kwalitas sun nuna yadda ake gudunmawa kuma kudin kwararwa. Aika bayanan da suka dace da suka dace yana zama kamar yadda ake gudunmawa kuma yana kare ayyukan da suka kashe. Yadda ake gudunmawa kamar yadda ake gudunmawa, ba tare da kasa kamar yadda ake gudunmawa, yana kare kuma yana kare lokacin da ake gudunmawa na gida na shiyan kofa. Wani mai gudunmawa wanda ya gudunmawa a cikin wannan kudin yana zama kamar yadda ake gudunmawa, saboda kudin yadda ake gudunmawa kuma kudin yadda ake gudunmawa suna daga farko, ba tare da kasa kamar yadda ake gudunmawa.
Ayyukan 3: Gudunmawa da Kafa
Gudunmawa na Kasuwa da Kwalitas
A cikin kantin, CNC cutting da robotic welding suka tsara frame don zama da karami mai yawa, kuma 10.9S high-strength bolts suna amfani don site assembly. Q355B-Z35 plate ta yi aiki ga karami mai yawa da lamellar-prone connections. NDT ta tabbataci critical welds, kuma galvanized C da Z purlins suna cut to length. Coating ta gudanar da ISO 3834 welding quality da ISO 9001 checks don tabbatar da corrosion protection ya dace da site environment yayi baya a cikin factory. Don haka, duk hole da splice suna saba da kantin control, wanda ke nufin cewa erection crew ta tsara abu da suka san shi ba tare da improvising connections a cikin field, wanda ne kamar kullum suka biyu da schedule.
Packing da Logistics
Ƙarfafawa ta teku yana kare kayan aiki a kan hanyoyi masu tsawo, kuma mai daidaitawa ɗaya yana kula da kwastan da kuma windows. Idan aka gwada kayan da aka tura da abin da aka ba da umarni, za a iya hana ɓarnar sassan da za su hana motar motsa jiki. Alamar kowane ƙuƙwalwar zuwa jerin kafa yana ba da damar ma'aikatan suyi aiki daga sama zuwa ƙasa ba tare da farautar sassan ba. Kyakkyawan kayan aiki ya juya lokacin samarwa zuwa tsinkaya, maimakon rikice-rikice, farawa. Ginin sito na ƙarfe wanda ya zo tare da alama, jerin abubuwan da aka tsara ya ba da damar ƙaramin ma'aikaci ya ɗaga firam ɗin a cikin kwanaki, yayin da haɗuwa ko jigilar kayayyaki da ba daidai ba na iya barin wannan ma'aikatan a cikin mako guda suna jiran ramin da ya ɓace.
Mataki na 4: Gyara, Bincike da Kulawa
Tsarin Tattalin Arziki a Yanki
Mataimakai suka saita asharadi, suka cire kishin na farko, suka saka purlins, suka kawo panels, bayan haka suka kawo gates da services. Kishin na clear-span suka rage aiki na ƙasa kuma suka rage kawo kishin. A wani kishin na 150 mm PIR, inda a bukata kawo kishin na climate control, yana kawo a matsayin vapor barriers don tsara condensation. Bayan kuma suka kawo bolts na biyu, suka kawo torque da ma'ajabi, kuma suka kawo wani walkthrough mai bayani don tabbatar da kishin na steel warehouse building ta dace da kishin da aka approve ne a baya da kawo aiki. A gudun kishin na weather buffer don kishin na envelope yana kawo kishin na interior trades, saboda idan kishin na roof da walls suka kawo kuma suka kawo kishin, fit-out zai ci gaba da aiki ba tare da rain, wanda zai kawo aiki da kishin na half-open frame.
Gudun aiki na lokacin yanzu
Kara karya kwayoyin, purlins, da coatings biyu a shekara, kuma bayan yawan gurasa. Kira galvanization wanda aka cire kafin rust ya faru, kuma jaga drains daga kufi. Monitoring na structural health ya nuna deflection a yawa na spans. Ka iya gudanen penetrations wanda su zama sababbin kusancin certified envelope. Daga cikin karya mai amfani, bangun zai iya aiki da kyau a cikin manya shekaru, kuma zai kare abubuwan da aka saba su aikata, kuma log na inspection wanda aka rubuta lokacin da aka yi shi da kewayoyin fasiliti zai iya gyara karya masu fuskantar da karya mai amfani wanda ke taimaka wajen kuskuren da insurance kuma kuskuren da resale mafi kyau bayan.
Yadda aka yi wasu hudu karya sun haɗa steel warehouse building daga undertaking wanda ke cika kuzari zuwa program wanda ke tsarin. Survey discipline, certified design, tight fabrication, da careful erection sun haɗa domin bangun ya faru a lokacin da aka bin, ya kammala code, da ya biya abin da aka bin kuma ba abin da aka ji kuzari.
Masu Sabon Gaskiya
Tambaya: Wani ne karya na farko don bude steel warehouse?
Amsa: Fara da rubutu na kuskuren daidai, racking, gaba daya na aisil, da kawo kari. Bayan haka za a yi geotechnical survey. Wadannan bayanai su zama su kare span, height, da column grid yayin da ba a fara yin draw ba. Nemo kuma zoning, fire, da egress rules a lokacin farko don haka NFPA 13 da OSHA su kare layout. Yadda a kare constraints a lokacin farko yana kare mazaigun kari na karamin zaman da ake cire steel warehouse building.
Tambaya: Yaya yawa ne lokacin da ke dauke da aika warehouse?
Amsa: Design da fabrication su dauke da lokacin da suka fi daga wata, sannan shipment da erection su taimaka. Prefabricated frames suna iya kare gaba daya a wata ta hanyar da foundation su kashe, amma size da weather suna kare lokacin da ke dauke da aika a site. Sea freight ya kare lokaci ga wadanda suka shiga daga wajen. Koyaushe da koyaushe a tsakanin designer, fabricator, da erector yana kare steel warehouse building a lokacin da aka plan da su kare.
Tambaya: Ya kamata warehouse ya haɗa clear span ba?
Amsuwar da aiki na 'clear span warehouse' yana cire 'interior columns' domin suka yi racking da forklifts ba su koma wajen yin aiki, wanda ke taimaka wajen high-bay da yin bayanai na 'changing layouts'. Yana fi kuma 'steel' ga 'columned bay' amma yana taimaka wajen 'flexibility' kuma yana cire 'connection maintenance'. FEA ya saba fuskantar da 'economical balance'. Za a zauna 'clear span' idan 'future reconfiguration' ke zama babba ne ga 'minimizing frame weight'.
Tambaya Wane 'standards' suka shiga aiki ga 'steel warehouse building'?
Amsuwar AISC 360 ya saba fuskantar da 'steel', IBC ya saba fuskantar da 'occupancy loads', EN 1090 ya saba fuskantar da 'EU execution', kuma NFPA 13 ya saba fuskantar da 'sprinklers'. OSHA ya saba fuskantar da 'worker safety', amma ISO 9001 da ISO 3834 suna saba fuskantar da 'quality'. 'Local amendments' zasu iya taimaka wajen 'requirements', don haka za a tabbata 'applicable codes' a lokacin da aka gano. Za a zauna 'certificates' ta hanyar 'shipment' domin 'steel warehouse building' ya zama da 'approved design'.
Tambaya Yaya za a yi 'maintenance' ga 'steel warehouse' bayan aiki?
Amsa: Tseme kudin, purlins, da coatings biyu kuma a cikin lokacin tsoho. Kammala galvanization wanda aka gaba shi kafin rust ya faru, jaga drains daga kuskure, kuma kara amfani da kuskure wanda ba a yarda ba. Monitoring na structural health zai iya aiki don koyi deflection a cikin kusurin da yawa. Aiki da sauri zai kare certified envelope kuma zai ba abin da ke cikin steel warehouse building su iya aiki da kyau ga manyan shekara ta hanyar kuskure wanda ke ƙarami.
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