Nau'in Nau'in Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin
Ƙarƙashin rufin ƙarfe ya juya tsayi mai tsawo zuwa haske, tsarin rufin da ke amfani da sassa uku maimakon katako mai ƙarfi. Tsarin lissafi yana rarraba kaya zuwa tallafi yayin da yake kiyaye amfani da kayan aiki, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ɗakunan ajiya, ɗakunan aiki da kuma wasanni suna dogara da su. Zaɓin daidaitaccen tsari yana farawa da span, rufin rufin da kaya da tsarin dole ne ya ɗauka a cikin rayuwarsa. Girman lattice da nisa daga cikin ƙuƙwalwa sannan kuma ya daidaita yawan ƙarfe da rufin rufin ya buƙaci.
Tsarin Pratt da Howe
Kudin kudi na Pratt suka ci gaba da kayan kudi na tsaki da kayan kudi na yanki a cikin kudi, wanda ke taimaka wajen samun kudi mai yawa da kudi na tsaki. Kudi na Howe ya canza wannan hali, ya amfani da manufa na kayan kudi a cikin zamanin kayan kudi da kayan kudi na tsaki a cikin kudi. Su duka suna iya samun kudi mai kyau don kudi na rumbu da suka haɗa da kayan kudi na galvanized wanda suka ci gaba da kudi na tsaki a bayan kudi. Kudi, kudi na tsaki da kudi na yanki suka zama mabudin kudi da kudi na bolt a kudi daya, don haka kudi na kudi na kudi zai bukata a saba kudi na farko.
Kudi na Warren da Kudi na North Light
Kudin kudi na gaba na steel na Warren yana amfani da triangles na equilateral da diagonals na alternating, wanda ya ba da load distribution na madaidaici da fabrication na madaidaici. Kudin kudi na North Light yana ƙara slope na glazed na amince na amince don daylight, wanda ke yawa a factories suka bukata natural light ba tare biyu da heat gain. Don long clear spans, waɗannan forms suna kara kudin kudi na gaba na yau da kullum da weight na steel na madaidaici. BIM modeling yana nuna member clashes da cranes da services a baya cut yanzu, kuma yana gudanar da field rework wanda ke haifar da delay a enclosure.
Span Capability da Load Behavior
Ƙarƙashin rufin ƙarfe yana ganin buƙatar lankwasawa yana ƙaruwa da sauri fiye da yadda mambobi zasu iya tsayayya da shi, don haka ƙirar ta daidaita lissafi, zurfin da nau'in karfe. Q355B ko Q355D faranti suna kula da ƙarfin tashin hankali da matsi, yayin da dukkanin taron dole ne su kasance masu karko yayin kafawa da kuma cikakken aiki. Ƙarƙashin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin Masu zane-zane suna kuma bincika yadda sassan da ke cikin gidan yanar gizo suke lankwasawa, domin abubuwa da ke matsawa suna iya kasawa kafin waɗanda suke matsawa su kai iyakar ƙarfin su.
Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙar
Don katako na katako na karfe, tsabtace shimfidawa ya bayyana nesa da aka rufe ba tare da goyon baya na tsakiya ba, kai tsaye yana tsara amfani da ciki. Nauyin rufin ya hada da nauyin kansa, rufi, dusar ƙanƙara da iska, duk an saka su cikin FEA zuwa girman kwakwalwa da mambobin yanar gizo. Ƙarfin 150 mm PIR mai nauyi yana ƙara nauyin da ya mutu wanda dole ne a ɗauka a saman. Hanyoyin ɗaukar kaya zuwa ɗakunan da kuma zuwa ginshiƙan ɗaukar kaya suna kiyaye rufin kuma suna hana karkatar da wuri a ƙwayoyin.
Haɗi da kuma Purlin Support
Ƙarƙashin rufin ƙarfe yana canja wurin ƙarfi a cikin tsarin ta hanyar haɗi a ƙarshen su; 10.9S manyan ƙwallon ƙafa ko gusset plates suna da kyau. Galvanized C da Z purlins suna tsakanin trusses, suna tallafawa bene da kuma yada nauyin kaya. Purlin tazara saita cladding ma'auni da truss kumburi layout. EN 1090 ajin aiwatar da jagororin ingancin walda, yayin da ISO 3834 ke sarrafa tsarin walda don haɗuwa ta haɗu da ƙarfin ƙira a kan kowane saiti da aka kawo.
Shawarwari don Kafa Wurin da Ba Za a Yi Hadari ba
Ƙarƙashin rufin ƙarfe yana fuskantar mafi haɗari a lokacin shigarwa, saboda tsarin ba shi da cikakke kuma ba shi da tabbas har sai an ƙarfafa shi. Tsarin tsari yana kare ma'aikatan da karfe, kuma ya kamata a sake duba shi da OSHA kariya da kariya da kuma dokoki na ɗagawa kafin crane ya isa wurin. Kada ka taɓa ɗaga katako ba tare da tabbatar da rigging da kuma mai nuna alamar da ke jagorantar pick ba.
Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙar
Ƙarfin lokaci na ɗan lokaci yana riƙe da ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa kuma yana hana karkatarwa a lokacin ɗagawa da sanyawa. Ka kafa a cikin jerin da ke gina wani barga bay kafin motsi, kuma ba cire wucin gadi goyon baya har m bracing da purlins aka gyarawa. Ƙarƙashin ƙirar ƙirar ta ƙetare saman rufin yana tsayayya da iska wanda in ba haka ba zai rushe wani ƙirar ƙira. Dole ne mutum mai iya aiki ya sanya hannu a kowane mataki kafin nauyin ya karu, kuma dole ne a ƙayyade iyakar iska a kowane lif.
Welding, Bolting da kuma Bincike
Welders da su farin kuma suna amfani da ISO 3834 procedures suna buƙata kuma shigar da steel roof trusses a cikin gida ko a waje, tare da NDT a kusurin gussets. Kuma kada yanzu a shigar da bolts, kuma a saba da tsawo na 10.9S fasteners da kuma a duba da kuskuren hole alignment. Duba dimensions, camber da coating damage bayan kafin kafa. SHM ko kadan survey checks zasu iya tabbatar da cewa roof ya daina a cikin tolerance. Rubutu kowane aiki don haka ta hanyar da ke ba da records mai ban sha’awa ga maintenance na sau biyu ko kowane modification na sau biyu.
Bayani na Materials da Maintenance
Za a iya kara maimakon corrosion da fatigue a farko ta hanyar zaɓi na materials da care plan, wanda ke taimaka wajen kara yawan lokaci na roof. Kuma a cikin technical-support routine da aka fara bayan handover, zai taimaka wajen kara maimakon kuskuren da su zama structural problems a lokacin da aka yi service.
Coating da Corrosion Control
Galvanization da kuma coating na glass-flake suka ci gaba da steel don hana yawa daga ruwa da kuma abrasion, amma a cikin wani ƙashe da yawa ko kuma a cikin wani ƙashe na kai tsaye. Q355D ta hanyar system na glass-flake mai yawa zai dace da plants da yawa na abrasion. Ku biyo coating a cikin joints da kuma edges ta tafkin shekara, saboda waɗannan abubuwan suka fiye da farko. Ku saiko kadan wani abu da ya faru ne don hana yawa daga rust creep a cikin bata. Kamar yadda aka bayani a cikin gutters da kuma flashings zai hana ruwa daga steel kuma zai ci gaba da roof truss ends.
Hausawar Alama da Amfani
A lokacin ku sami steel roof trusses, ku duba mill certificates don steel grade da kuma EN 1090 execution class, kuma ku duba ku sanni truss drawings sun haɗa da load case. A lokacin amfani, ku fara kari abubuwan da ba su da mabudin a cikin bottom chord ba tare da duba na engineer. Ku kara roof drains da yawa don hana yawa daga ponding don ta yanka truss. Wani alama na technical-support da ke ciki, ta tafkin shekara, zai kara safe service da kuma zai gano fatigue a lokacin da yawa don hana yawa daga main members.
Karfe rufin trusses samar da span da kuma yadda ya dace zamani gine-gine bukatar lokacin da irin, span da kuma kafuwa da aka shirya a hankali. Daidaita tsarin lissafi don ɗaukar kaya da kare tsarin ta hanyar ginawa da sabis yana kiyaye rufin lafiya har shekaru da yawa.
Masu Sabon Gaskiya
Tambaya Menene manyan nau'ikan katako na ƙarfe?
Amsa Nau'ikan gama gari sun haɗa da Pratt, Howe, Warren da kuma hasken Arewa. Pratt da Howe suna dacewa da matsakaicin madaidaiciya, Warren yana ba da daidaitattun nauyin kaya, kuma Hasken Arewa yana ƙara gangaren gilashi don hasken rana. Zaɓin ya dogara da span, pitch da kaya. Dukansu suna haɗuwa da galvanized purlins kuma an bayyana su ta hanyar BIM don kauce wa rikice-rikice tare da cranes da kuma gine-gine.
Tambaya Yaya nisa za a iya yin amfani da rufin rufin karfe?
Samarra na ƙarfi ta zama tare da ƙirki, ƙwayoyin ƙarfi, tsarin ƙarfi da kuma ƙarfin yadda ake yiwuwa. Tsuru mai ƙarfi na gaba daya ya samu ƙarfin wani abu mai ƙarfi wanda ke nufin yadda ake yiwuwa, amma ake amfani da plates na Q355B ko Q355D don ƙarfi na yadda ake yiwuwa. Kuma ƙarfin gida daga cikin ƙarfi, baki da yadda ake yiwuwa suka saba kuma ƙarfin yadda ake yiwuwa ta fayyade ƙarfin yadda ake yiwuwa ta FEA. Don gida mai ƙarfi, tsuru mai ƙarfi na gaba daya ko tsuru mai ƙarfi na gaba daya na gaba daya suka saba kuma ƙarfin yadda ake yiwuwa da kuma ƙarfin yadda ake yiwuwa don samun ƙarfin yadda ake yiwuwa.
Tambaya: Wace sabonin ƙarfi ne ake amfani da kuma ƙarfi?
Amsa: Kuma ƙarfi ta hana tsuru mai ƙarfi na gaba daya a matsayin da ke ciki da ƙarfi na gaba daya. Kuma ƙarfi na gaba daya ta hana tsuru mai ƙarfi na gaba daya a matsayin da ke ciki da ƙarfi na gaba daya. Ake amfani da tsuru mai ƙarfi na gaba daya don hana tsuru mai ƙarfi na gaba daya a matsayin da ke ciki da ƙarfi na gaba daya. Kuma ƙarfi na gaba daya ta hana tsuru mai ƙarfi na gaba daya a matsayin da ke ciki da ƙarfi na gaba daya. Kuma ƙarfi na gaba daya ta hana tsuru mai ƙarfi na gaba daya a matsayin da ke ciki da ƙarfi na gaba daya.
Tambaya: Wace sabonin ƙarfi ne ake amfani da kuma ƙarfi na gaba daya?
Amsa Welding yana bin ISO 3834 don sarrafa tsari da EN 1090 don aji na aiwatarwa, tare da NDT a cikin mahimman gussets don tabbatar da haɗin gwiwa. Masu yin walda da suka ƙware suna yin aiki a shagon da kuma filin aiki ta wajen yin amfani da hanyoyin da suka dace da ƙarfe. Ƙungiyoyin da aka yi amfani da su suna amfani da 10.9S masu ƙarfi tare da daidaitattun daidaito. Wadannan ka'idoji suna ba da ingantaccen inganci, wanda za'a iya maimaita shi a kan iyakokin iyaka.
Tambaya Yaya za a kula da katako na ƙarfe?
Amsa: A kowace shekara, ku riƙa bincika murfin da ke gefen ƙwanƙolin da kuma gefen ƙwanƙolin don kada su yi tsatsa. Ka kiyaye magudanun rufin don kada tafkin ya cika kayan aiki, kuma ka guji rataye kaya da ba a shirya ba daga ƙasan ƙwanƙwasa. Bincika takaddun shaida na EN 1090 da kuma masana'anta a lokacin sayan. Tsarin aikin fasaha da aka tsara tare da bincike na shekara-shekara yana ƙara tsawon rayuwar sabis.
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